Resumen de El exilio interior de Leonor Serrano, Josefa Herrera y Ángela Sempere, tres inspectoras sancionadas en la dictadura primorriverista
- español
Dentro del clima de represión y control ejercido por la Dictadura de Primo de Rivera sobre la inspección de primera enseñanza, cabe enmarcar la promulgación de la R.O. de 19 de abril de 1928 que implicó el traslado forzoso de sus destinos de diecisiete de sus miembros, entre los que se encuentran las inspectoras Leonor Serrano Pablo, Josefa Herrera Serra y Ángela Sempere Sanjuán, desplazadas con una intencionalidad punitiva.
En busca de las causas que provocaron estas sanciones, desconocidas por no haberse instruido expedientes, se analizan sus trayectorias vitales y profesionales y se sugiere que estuvieron marcadas por la variable género, al estar motivadas por actitudes de desobediencia a órdenes de las autoridades, y por la manifestación de ideas calificadas de peligrosas, relacionadas con los derechos de las mujeres. Dichos comportamientos son incompatibles con los presupuestos autoritarios del régimen, y con su definición tradicional de la identidad femenina.
Apartadas de sus destinos y desplazadas de sus ciudades de residencia, obligadas a reiniciar sus prácticas profesionales en un entorno adverso, sobrevivieron al exilio interior compaginando una actitud de protesta ante su injusta situación, con una intensa actividad profesional, vinculada con la renovación pedagógica.
- English
The repressive atmosphere and control exerted by the Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera over the primary education inspectorate included the prom-ulgation of the R.O. of 19 April 1928, which mandated the forced transfer from their posts of seventeen of its members. These included the inspectors Leonor Serrano Pablo, Josefa Herrera Serra and Ángela Sempere Sanjuán, who were relocated as a form of punishment.In our search for the causes that led to these sanctions which remain un-known due to the lack of disciplinary procedures, we analyze their lives and professional trajectories. These suggest that the treatment given to these ed-ucators was conditioned by the gender variable, as they were linked to atti-tudes of disobedience to authorities’ orders, as well as to the manifestation of ideas considered dangerous, that is, related to women’s rights. Such atti-tudes were incompatible with the authoritarian principles of the regime and with its traditional view of women’s identity.Removed from their posts and uprooted from their cities of residence, the teachers were forced to resume their professional practices in an unfavour-able environment, surviving their interior exile by combining an attitude of protest against their unjust situation with an intense professional activity tied to pedagogical innovation.
