Resumen de Precariedad laboral en México. Una comparación entre jóvenes y adultos
- español
Desde la década de 1980, en el mundo y en México, se incrementó la integración comercial y la desregulación del mercado de trabajo, resultando en una mayor precarización del trabajo que ha afectado principalmente a los jóvenes. El objetivo del presente artículo es indagar si los jóvenes en México tienen una mayor precariedad que los adultos y analizar los factores socioeconómicos que la profundizan. Con este fin, se utilizan datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo (2018). Para crear un indicador de precariedad laboral. Inicialmente se hace un análisis factorial. Enseguida, se hace un análisis descriptivo del índice y se corren regresiones para indagar cuáles son los factores socioeconómicos que afectan la precariedad laboral.
- English
Mexico, as the rest of the world, has experienced increased commercial integration and the deregulation of markets, since the eighties, resulting in the surge of precarious jobs, especially for young people. The aim of this study is to find out whether youth are more likely to have precarious employment than adults and to analyse the socio-economic factors that may intensify this situation. For this purpose, data from the National Survey of Occupation and Employment (ENOE) 2018 was used. Initially, factor analysis was run to create an index of precarious employment. Then, a descriptive analysis of the index was made, and regressions were conducted to find out which socioeconomic factors affect employment precariousness. It was found that young people have greater levels of employment precariousness than adults, and the higher the educational level, the gap between them increases. Furthermore, each additional year of education and experience is more important in reducing precarious employment in young than in adults. It is thus important to create policies and laws that protect salaried young people.
