Carla Lonzi: una crítica feminista a la diferencia sexual en el Estado ético de Hegel

• Autores: Silvia Locatelli
• Localización: Antítesis: Revista Iberoamericana de Estudios Hegelianos, ISSN-e 2792-436X, Nº. 3, 2022 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Hegel y lo femenino), págs. 123-141
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Carla Lonzi: a Feminist Critique to Sexual Difference in Hegel’s Ethical State
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    En este artículo intentaremos esbozar la crítica realizada por Carla Lonzi, fe-minista italiana y autora de Escupamos sobre Hegel, texto confrontado a la división de ro-les de género defendida por el filósofo de Stuttgart dentro de la partición del Estado ético –y por tanto del Estado europeo moderno– entre la vida pública y la privada. Para ello, se analizará en profundidad el tema de la diferencia sexual dentro del sistema hegeliano, para mostrar cómo la diferenciación social y política entre los roles masculino y femenino es fundada por el filósofo de Stuttgart como un hecho planteado por la necesidad del con-cepto, que luego se traduce en una forma natural y social. Posteriormente, nos adentrare-mos en el pensamiento de Carla Lonzi, vinculando sus ideas a lo que luego se denominará feminismo de la diferencia sexual, cuyo desarrollo debe mucho a las reflexiones de Lonzi. En este sentido, intentaremos esbozar su crítica a la división política de roles de género implementada por Hegel, para luego mostrar el aspecto constructivo de la obra de Lonzi: encontrar un espacio para las mujeres como mujeres, independientemente de la antítesis patriarcal masculino-femenino y público-privado, a partir precisamente de la experiencia de la mujer soltera, que en el sector privado vuelve a proponer –y por lo tanto también puede subvertir– una realidad que también es pública.

  • English

    Within contemporary philosophical discourse we find different thinkers that, with the aim to criticize Western dominant thought, by them addressed as ‘phallocentric’, directly refer to Hegelian texts. This paper will present one author who have openly spoken out a feminist critique of Hegelian thought, and in particular of the sexual division described by the Stuttgart philosopher, culminating in the ethical state – representing the constitution of the modern state – with the confinement of the feminine within the domestic sphere and, conversely, the liberation of the masculine within community political life.

    The thinker who will be analyzed is the Italian activist and philosopher Carla Lonzi, author of the renowned Sputiamo su Hegel (Let’s Spit on Hegel) and precursor of the Italian sexual difference feminism. The author confronted the political division implemented by Hegel within the ethical state between the two sexes, trying to show how Hegel’s work strongly contributed to the constitution of the patriarchal symbolic order still in force in Western thought. The fundamental point of the author’s thought is, in fact, the conviction that the symbolic and linguistic structures of Western culture are something deeply rooted and, therefore, very complex to change. This helps us to understand why in Europe, despite the implementation of various legislative changes – such as, for example, the establishment of anti-violence centers, the recognition of gender violence at a legal level, the sanctions against gender discrimination in the workplace – the patriarchal dynamics typical of Western thought are changing too slowly (when they are): gender violence is the order of the day, the pay gap is far from being healed, and, above all, the division of gender roles between care work and productive work is still strongly present.

    This text, therefore, seeks to demonstrate that the philosophical scope that accompanied the formation of European thought also characterized its darker features, including the patriarchal perspective. Here, we will analyze a particular aspect of patriarchy, focusing on its elaboration within Hegelian political philosophy: the presumed ontological and biological/natural destination of the female to domestic work and the male to public life.

    To this end, the article is divided into two parts. In the first part, the concept of sexual difference as developed by Hegel will be presented, analyzing its development within the three parts of his philosophical system. In the second part, a part of Lonzi’s thought will be briefly analyzed, to then articulate her critique of the Hegelian division of gender roles.