Hierarchical analysis of Mediterranean Dietary pattern on atopic diseases’ prevalence in adolescence: The Greek Global Asthma Network study

• George Antonogeorgos ^[1] ; Maria Mandrapylia ^[1] ; Evangelia Liakou ^[1] ; Alexandra Koutsokera ^[1] ; Pavlos Drakontaeidis ^[1] ; Marina Thanasia ^[1] ; Philippa Ellwood ^[2] ; Luis García-Marcos ^[3] ; Olympia Sardeli ^[1] ; Kostas N. Priftis ^[1] ; Demosthenes Panagiotakos ^[4] ; Konstantinos Douros ^[1]
  1. [1] National and Kapodistrian University of Athens

     National and Kapodistrian University of Athens

     Dimos Athens, Grecia

     
  2. [2] University of Auckland

     University of Auckland

     Nueva Zelanda

     
  3. [3] Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca

     Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca

     Murcia, España

     
  4. [4] Harokopio University

     Harokopio University

     Dimos Athens, Grecia

     

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• Localización: Allergologia et immunopathologia: International journal for clinical and investigate allergology and clinical immunology, ISSN-e 1578-1267, ISSN 0301-0546, Vol. 50, Nº. 5, 2022, págs. 114-120
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen

  • Introduction: The contribution of dietary patterns in the occurrence of atopic diseases, mainly asthma, allergic rhinits, and eczema is ambiguous. Our study examined the association between the level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and the prevalence of atopic diseases in adolescence.

    Methods: A total of 1934 adolescents (boys: 47.5%, mean age [standard variation]: 12.7[0.6] years) enrolled voluntarily. Participants completed a validated questionnaire on atopic disease status, dietary habits, and other sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. KIDMED score was used for the evaluation of adherence to the MedDiet. Discriminant analysis was applied to the hierarchy of foods and beverages consumed in relation to the presence of atopic diseases.

    Results: Logistic regression analyses revealed that adolescents with moderate and good adherence to the MedDiet had 34 and 60% lower odds of having any asthma symptoms, respectively, and 20 and 41% lower odds of having any allergic rhinitis symptoms, respectively, adjusted for several confounders. The food group with the most important contribution to the MedDiet was cooked and raw vegetables, followed by fruits (Wilk’s λ = 0.881 and λ = 0.957, respectively).

    Conclusion: Our study provided evidence for a strong and inverse association between the level of adherence to the MedDiet and the occurrence of asthma and allergic rhinitis symptoms and signified the importance of contribution of fruits and vegetable consumption in this association. Thus, the promotion of MedDiet could be an efficient lifestyle intervention that can contribute to the reduction of the burden of these atopic diseases in adolescents.