La alta prevalencia de una apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS) residual en niños con síndrome de Down, tras un tratamiento de primera línea como es la adenoamigdalectomía, la convierte en un área importante de estudio en este grupo importante de niños, para evitar las importantes complicaciones que aparecen a largo plazo en una AOS mal tratada. El artículo revisa la actual literatura sobre el tratamiento de la AOS post-adenotonsilectomía en niños con síndrome de Down. Los resultados fueron similares con independencia de la técnica utilizada, reduciendo los índices de apeas-hipopneas. Pero dada la heterogeneidad de la metodología y la demografía de los pacientes, los resultados son poco comparables. Algunos resultados sugieren que la obesidad puede ser un factor negativo en el éxito de la terapéutica utilizada. Sigue siendo problemática la terapia más conveniente y se necesitan más estudios comparativos con cohortes más homogéneas para obtener datos más concluyentes.
The high prevalence of residual obstructive sleep apnoea(OSA) in children with Down Syndrome following first line treatment makes this a clinically important area to target in this particular cohort of children to avoid long term complications of untreated OSA. The aim of this systematic review is to summarise the existing literature regarding management of residual OSA post adenotonsillectomy in children with Down Syndrome. Findings were similar across most studies where the obstructive apnoea hypopnoea index (oAHI) was reduced post intervention. However given the heterogeneity in methodology and patient demographics, results were not directly comparable. Limited evidence was found regarding body mass index (BMI) and outcome post-surgery, suggesting that those who were normal weight or overweight had a significant reduction in the oAHI, compared to those who were obese. The most optimal treatment for the management of residual OSA remains uncertain. There are various treatment options described in the literature, however, they have not been thoroughly studied. Studies comparing outcomes following different treatment interventions and using consistent parameters are required to gain further understanding of the most optimal treatment for residual OSA in this population. Understanding if specific phenotypic features, such as weight, influence response to therapy will also be important.
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