RESUMO | Com o crescimento da atividade aquícola e o aumento da entrada de resíduos orgânicos oriundos dos ambientes de cultivo em corpos de águas naturais, o desenvolvimento de técnicas que minimizem os impactos da aquicultura se faz necessário. Uma estratégia que vem mostrando resultados promissores na mitigação dos impactos negativos da aquicultura é a manipulação das comunidades microbianas naturais dos ecossistemas aquáticos. Essas comunidades utilizam as altas cargas de nutrientes para o seu desenvolvimento e o seu crescimento no meio é regulado por vários fatores naturais. Nesta revisão, os principais fatores ambientais que podem modificar a dinâmica e função do biofilme nos ambientes de cultivo, foram minunciosamente analisados. Diversos fatores categorizados como bióticos: parasitismo, predação e pastejo e abióticos: concentração de nutrientes, temperatura, pH, substratos, luz, velocidade de água e regime hidrológico foram apontados como determinantes para a colonização e estabelecimento do biofilme. Todavia, alguns fatores se demonstraram mais atuantes na dinâmica da comunidade, sendo possível distinguir aqueles que apresentam maior interferência no desenvolvimento e dinâmica da comunidade.
With the growth of aquaculture activity and the increase in the entry of organic wastes from the cultivation environments into natural water bodies, the development of techniques that minimize the impacts of the activity is necessary. One strategy that has shown promising results in mitigating the negative impacts of the activity is the manipulation of the natural microbial communities of aquatic ecosystems. These communities use high nutrient loads for their development and their growth in the medium is regulated by several natural factors. In this review, the main environmental factors that can modify the dynamics and function of biofilms in cultivation environments were carefully analyzed. Several factors categorized as biotic: parasitism, predation and grazing and abiotic: nutrient concentration, temperature, pH, substrates, light, water velocity and hydrological regime were identified as determinants for the colonization and establishment of the biofilm. However, some of these were more active in the dynamics of the periphytic community, being possible to distinguish those that present greater interference in the development and dynamics of the community.
ABSTRACT: With the growth of aquaculture activity and the increase in the entry of organic wastes from the cultivation environments into natural water bodies, the development of techniques that minimize the impacts of the activity is necessary. One strategy that has shown promising results in mitigating the negative impacts of the activity is the manipulation of the natural microbial communities of aquatic ecosystems. These communities use high nutrient loads for their development and their growth in the medium is regulated by several natural factors. In this review, the main environmental factors that can modify the dynamics and function of biofilms in cultivation environments were carefully analyzed. Several factors categorized as biotic: parasitism, predation and grazing and abiotic: nutrient concentration, temperature, pH, substrates, light, water velocity and hydrological regime were identified as determinants for the colonization and establishment of the biofilm. However, some of these were more active in the dynamics of the periphytic community, being possible to distinguish those that present greater interference in the development and dynamics of the community.
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