Resumen de The roles and therapeutic approaches of MSC-derived exosomes in colorectal cancer
- español
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most prevalent malignancies and is the third cause of cancer-related death worldwide [1, 2]. Since colorectal cancer is often diagnosed in advanced stages it often leads to increased mortality. In 2019, over 800,000 deaths from CRC occurred, which accounted for 10% of deaths worldwide [3]. Moreover, the 5-year survival rate for CRC is 64%, which drops to 12% for metastatic cases. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy because of their off-targeted characteristics are a double-edged sword in treating cancers as they affect normal cells alongside cancerous ones [4, 5]. Therefore, it is important to identify other therapeutic approaches to specifically target cancer cells. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that stem cell-based treatments have a lot of potential for treating human diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are promising anti-cancer agents with the potential to treat a wide range of malignancies. MSC exhibit tumor-trophic migratory capabilities, allowing them to be used as delivery vehicles for effective and targeted treatment for metastatic cancer patients [6,7,8,9,10,11].
MSCs not only release cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors but also produce and secrete exosomes in tumor microenvironments [12, 13]. Recent studies showed that exosome uptake by cancerous cells are much easier than other vesicles of equal amount, indicating that exosomes have a higher selectivity for cancer targeting [14, 15]. Therefore, targeted therapy with manipulated MSC-derived exosomes can be a promising approach with lower side effects to treat CRC patients. In this study, we aimed to highlight what we know so far regarding the role of natural MSC-derived exosomes in CRC, as well as the most current and prospective advancements in MSC-derived exosome-based therapeutic applications.
- English
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in both men and women, accounting for 8% of all new cancer cases in both. CRC is typically diagnosed at advanced stages, which leads to a higher mortality rate. The 5-year survival rate for CRC is 64% in all cases and just 12% in metastatic cases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most recent approaches for therapeutic interventions in cancer. MSCs have multiple properties, including paracrine signaling, immunologic functions, and the ability to migrate to the targeted tissue. MSCs can produce and secrete exosomes in tumor microenvironments. These exosomes can transfer compounds across tumor cells, stromal cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells. Studies showed that modified MCS-derived exosomes have enhanced specificity, reduced immunogenicity, and better targeting capabilities in comparison to other frequently used delivery systems such as liposomes. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a comprehensive view of the role of natural MSC-derived exosomes in CRC, as well as the most current and prospective advancements in MSC-derived exosome therapeutic modifications.
