Efeito do contexto competitivo no relato de desempenho de tarefas acadêmicas em crianças

• Iamada, Larissa ^[1] ; de Medeiros, Carlos Augusto ^[1]
  1. [1] Centro Universitário de Brasília

     Centro Universitário de Brasília

     Brasil

     
• Localización: Acta comportamentalia: revista latina de análisis del comportamiento, ISSN 0188-8145, Vol. 30, Nº. 1, 2022, págs. 121-137
• Idioma: portugués
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Effect of the competitive context on the performance report of academic tasks in children
• Enlaces
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• Resumen
  • English

    Verbal correspondence has been investigated in different ways, with reports of per- formance in academic tasks or in computer games being an experimental situation frequently used. Competition has been identified as a type of social relationship that has the potential to affect behavior, more specifically, the reports correspondence that can change the likelihood of victory in competitive contexts. The present work investigated the effect of competitive contexts on the verbal correspondence of per- formance reports on mathematical tasks in three neurotypic children aged between 10 and 12 years. Their reports, sometimes occurred in the face of a competitive context, sometimes in the absence of a competitive context. At each try, partici- pants performed a mathematical operation and then reported if they hit or miss this mathematical operation by clicking on colored rectangles. The experiment was composed of five experimental conditions. Participants went through a baseline in which the reports were not differentially reinforced. Then, the participants were submitted to the reinforcement conditions of hit reports in which only hit reports produced points. These two conditions occurred in the presence and absence of the competitive context, in which children were informed about performance of alleged opponents after every three attempts. Correspondence training was applied, where only accurate reports were reinforced with and without the competitive context. Finally, a new baseline condition without differential reinforcement was applied to the reports. The accuracy of the reports was high in the baselines for two participants, which was weakened in the conditions of reinforcement of hit reports, especially in the competitive context. The accuracy of his reports was res- tored in correspondence training, approaching 100%, mainly in the competitive context. The accuracy of the other participant’s error reports was weakened in rein- forcing error reports; however, it was not reestablished in correspondence training.

    The competitive context, for this participant, apparently had the opposite effect to that observed in the other two participants. The results support the assumption that competition can be a control variable in the verbal correspondence of children in academic tasks, probably because it changes the reinforcing value of the program- med consequences of the experiment. Further studies are needed to investigate the function of competition over behavior.

  • português

    O presente trabalho investigou o efeito da competição sobre a correspondência verbal ao solicitar três crianças, de 10 e 12 anos a relatarem seu desempenho em tarefas de matemática na presença e na ausência de um contexto competitivo. A cada tentativa, os participantes realizavam uma operação matemática e relatavam tê-la acertado ou não. Nas condições de linha de base, os relatos não eram consequenciados. As condições de reforçamento de relatos de acerto ocorreram com e sem o contexto competitivo, no qual as crianças eram informadas do desempenho de oponentes. Foram aplicados treinos de correspondência, onde apenas relatos acurados eram reforçados com e sem contexto competitivo. A acurácia dos relatos foi alta nas linhas de base para dois participantes, a qual foi enfraquecida nas condições de reforçamento de relatos de acerto, principalmente diante do contexto competitivo. A acurácia de seus relatos foi restabelecida nos treinos de correspondência, principalmente no contexto competitivo. A acurácia dos relatos de erro do outro participante foi enfraquecida no reforçamento de relatos de erro, porém, não foi restabelecida nos treinos de correspondência. Os resultados dão suporte à suposição de que a competição pode ser uma variável de controle na correspondência verbal de crianças em tarefas acadêmicas.