Entre la casa maya y el bungalow Arquitectura de la frontera México-Belice

• Autores: Martí Checa Artasu
• Localización: Bitácora Arquitectura, ISSN-e 2594-0856, Nº. 19, 2009 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Bitácora 19), págs. 62-69
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • The Mexican-Belize border Architecture: a merge of Mayan Housing and Bungalow
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• Resumen
  • español

    La vivienda en la frontera México-Belice, una amalgama de arquitecturas. De un lado, la arquitectura habitacional maya; de otro, la arquitectura derivada del bungalow, establecida en la zona a lo largo de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. En el caso que analizamos, sin embargo, los procesos históricos son claves para entender la creación de ese nuevo modelo de vivienda, podríamos decir que son el detonante del mismo.

  • English

    Housing in the Mexico-Belize border is a merge of the architectonic culture that occurred in the area, where the historical processes are the key to understanding the creation of existing housing. The first historical process is marked by the millenarian Mayan culture sequence that acts as a cultural substrate. The second one is the territorial development of the British Honduras colony during the second half of the 19th century, based on a land ordering that introduces new agroforestry exploitations as a counterbalance to the lumber operation initiated at the end of the 18th century. That process coincides with the effects from the Caste War (1847-1901), a conflict between the Mayan communities and yucatan's henequeros landowners because of the way of work they imposed them. Those effects modified the geographic space as they caused the present refugees and population increase followed by the creation of settlements in the north of British Honduras. Those refugees settled taking advantage  of the new conditions that asylum territory offered them, enabling the consolidation  of a new house model, an hybrid that combined the tradition of Mayan house and the English bungalow architectonic model typical fomthta colony. Wood's easy availability turned it into the constructive element par excellence. Thanks to this area's pacification 1895-1901 and the border limits establishment between Belize and Mexico, a return of refugees to their territories of origin took place. They brought the new model house consolidated throughout the hybridization process. Therefore that architecture presence is explained in the south of Mexican state of Quintana Roo, and in numerous existing examples in its capital, Chetumal, since it was the first permanent Mexican settlement in the area.