This chapter surveys some of the most striking and interesting problems and questions related to gender in Romance. It covers restructuring of Latin nominal declensions in Romance; relation between gender and inflectional class, and between target and controller genders; residual and systemic survival of Latin neuter in bipartite and tripartite gender systems, respectively; interrelation between gender and number (count vs mass distinctions; ambigenerics); emergence of four-way gender systems correlation between natural and grammatical gender; semantic import of grammatical gender. Specific topics dealt with include: gender assignment; semantic rules; formal rules; two-gender systems; Romanian and other three-gender systems; four-gender systems; mass/countness and gender; some exceptional cases.
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