Lourdes Herrasti Erlogorri, J.I. Vegas, A. Bandrés, F. Etxeberria
Basándonos en los trabajos de Campillo, se estudian las erosiones craneales observadas en los cráneos procedentes de San Juan ante Portam Latinam (inhumación neolítica). Se trata de lesiones que afectan a la tabla externa del cráneo y que se regeneraron en vida del individuo. De los 330 cráneos estudiados, 27 presentan erosiones craneales, lo que supone un 8%. Las lesiones se localizan preferentemente en el frontal y en ambos parietales. En cuanto a las características de los individuos, éstos son mayoritariamente de sexo masculino. En la edad, sin embargo, no existe una clara distinción, pues hay lesiones en todos los tramos de edad, desde individuos infantiles a adultos seniles. El diagnóstico diferencial debe contemplar los quistes dermoides, meningiomas, trepanaciones incompletas... Sin embargo, opinamos que la etiología más probable es que casi todos los casos sean consecuentes a un traumatismo por golpe directo que afecta con mayor o menor intensidad al cuero cabelludo y al periostio. Con ello, las erosiones craneales pueden completar la interpretación de agresiones y violencia junto con las heridas penetrantes por flechas y cortes con distintas armas.
Based on the works carried out at Campillo, a study was made of the cranial erosions observed in the skulls uncovered at San Juan ante Portam Latinam (neolithic burial site). The injuries in question affected the external piales of the skull and were regenerated during the course of the individual's lifetime. Of the 330 skulls studied, 27 (8%) had cranial erosions. The injuries are mainly located at the front and on both parietal bones. As regards the characteristics of the injured individuáis, they were mainly male, although no clear distinction was observed with regard to age, since injuries were found in individuáis of all ages, from infants to those of an advanced age. The differential diagnosis may include dermoid cysts, meningiomas and incomplete trepanations, etc. Nevertheless, we believe that the most probable aetiology is that almost all incidences were caused by a direct hit to the head, which affected the scalp and periosteum to different degrees. As such, cranial erosions may be interpreted as evidence of aggressions and violence, alongside puncture wounds made by arrows and cuts made by different weapons.
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