Climate-related land use policies in Brazil: How much has been achieved with economic incentives in agriculture?

• Carauta, Marcelo ^[5] ; Troost, Christian ^[5] ; Guzman-Bustamante, Ivan ^[1] ; Hampf, Anna ^[6] ; Libera, Affonso ^[7] ; Meurer, Katharina ^[2] ; Bönecke, Eric ^[8] ; Franko, Uwe ^[3] ; Ribeiro Rodrigues, Renato de Aragão ^[4] ; Berger, Thomas ^[5]
  1. [1] University of Hohenheim

     University of Hohenheim

     Stadtkreis Stuttgart, Alemania

     
  2. [2] Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

     Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

     Uppsala domkyrkoförs., Suecia

     
  3. [3] Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research

     Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research

     Kreisfreie Stadt Leipzig, Alemania

     
  4. [4] Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation

     Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation

     Brasil

     
  5. [5] Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), University of Hohenheim, Wollgrasweg 43, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
  6. [6] Institute of Landscape Systems Analysis, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
  7. [7] Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso (IFMT), Campus São Vicente, Rodovia BR-364, Km 329, Cuiabá, Brazil
  8. [8] HORTSYS Next-Generation Horticultural Systems, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany

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• Localización: Land use policy: The International Journal Covering All Aspects of Land Use, ISSN 0264-8377, ISSN-e 1873-5754, Nº. 109, 2021
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen

  • Until 2019, the Brazilian federal government employed a number of policy measures to fulfill the pledge of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from land use change and agriculture. While its forest law enforcement strategy was partially successful in combating illegal deforestation, the effectiveness of positive incentive measures in agriculture has been less clear. The reason is that emissions reduction from market-based incentives such as the Brazilian Low-Carbon Agriculture Plan cannot be easily verified with current remote sensing monitoring approaches. Farmers have adopted a large variety of integrated land-use systems of crop, livestock and forestry with highly diverse per-hectare carbon balances. Their responses to policy incentives were largely driven by cost and benefit considerations at the farm level and not necessarily aligned with federal environmental objectives. This article analyzes climate-related land-use policies in the state of Mato Grosso, where highly mechanized soybean–cotton and soybean–maize cropping systems prevail. We employ agent-based bioeconomic simulation together with life-cycle assessment to explicitly capture the heterogeneity of farm-level costs, benefits of adoption, and greenhouse gas emissions. Our analysis confirms previous assessments but suggests a smaller farmer policy response when measured as increase in area of integrated systems. In terms of net carbon balances, our simulation results indicate that mitigation effects at the farm level depended heavily on the exact type of livestock and grazing system. The available data were insufficient to rule out even adverse effects. The Brazilian experience thus offers lessons for other land-rich countries that build their climate mitigation policies on economic incentives in agriculture.