En una población agrícola se evaluaron los efectos de la exposición ocupacional a plaguicidas, cones pecial énfasis en insecticidas organosfosforados. Se aplicó una "Encuesta Ocupacional" a 46 fumigadores agrícolas.
Se efectuaron 2 muéstreosde sangre, pre y post-exposición, para determinar la actividad colinesterásica eritrocítica y plasmática, comparándose los resultados con un Grupo Control. La frecuencia del uso de insecticidas fue de 91,3 % y entreéstos,el 84,4 % correspondió a organofos forados. Lossíntomas relacionados con organofosforados, que merecen mas atención por su frecuencia, fueron: debi lidad muscular y dificultad para la memoria (26,1 %), cefa lea (21,7 %), ansiedad (19,6 %) e insomnio (17,4 %). Las colinesterasas eritrocítica y plasmáticapromedio, estuvie rondentrode losrangos normales descritos segúnel méto do empleado. Sin embargo, se determinó un nivel basal individual, pre-exposición, y losresultados se discuten co mo porcentaje del mismo. Las diferencias de los prome dios de ambas colinesterasas, entre los muéstreos pre y post-exposición, resultaron significativas (p<0.01). El Grupo Control presentó valoresnormalesen ambos pará metros estudiados. Se analizó la correlación existente entre síntomas, actividadcolinesterásica, añosfumigando y uso de medios de protección. Se discuten las recomendaciones para mejorar la efectividad de la vigilancia médica, inclu yendola frecuencia delseguimiento y los estudios que de bencontinuarse, para
An investigation was made on an agricultural population to evaluate the effects of the occupational exposure to pesticides, mainly organophosphates. A study was made of 46 fumigators by applying an 'occupational questionnaire'. Blood samples were analyzed for erythrocytic and plasmatic cholinesterase. There were 2 samplings: one, 25 to 30 days previous to the fumigation period and the second, at the peak of the fumigation period. The results were compared to a Control group. The frequency of insecticides use was 91,3% and within them 84,4% were Organophosphates. The symptoms more related to Organophosphates exposure and that merit more attention due to their frequency were: muscular weakness and memory deficiencies (26,1%), cephalea (21,7%), anxiety (19,6%) and insomnia (17,4%). The average erythrocytic and plasmatic cholinesterase levels, were within the normal range described for the method used. However, an individual basal level was determined (pre-exposure), and results are presented as a percentage of it. The difference between erythrocytic and plasmatic cholinesterase averages were significant (p < 0,01). The control group had normal values for both of these parameters. The correlation between symptoms, cholinesterase activity, working years and use of protective measures were analyzed. The recommendations to improve the effectiveness of medical surveillance are discussed, monitoring frequencies are suggested as well as further investigations to the problem to evaluate more precisely the relationship between exposure and effect.
© 2001-2024 Fundación Dialnet · Todos los derechos reservados