Resumen de The Typology of Changes in the History of Hungarian Surnames
The history of a family and their surname was often fraught with numerous variants and different types of changes. The paper aims to provide an overview of the different types of these name changes in the case of the Hungarian surname stock. It presents the types of the formal and structural changes of surnames: entire changes, partial and regular structural changes (including: syntactic and morphological changes), partial and irregular structural changes (including: semantic changes on a formal basis and formal changes on a semantic basis), and partial formal changes (including: written and oral changes). It also presents the linguistic and extralinguistic factors that influenced these changes, and refers to further, non-structural and non-formal types of changes affecting other characteristics of surnames. The paper also studies briefly the types of changes in diachrony, aiming to identify the most typical tendencies among them. Some of the possible characteristics of surnames (e.g. archaic orthography, dialectal variation, morphological markedness) are treated here, which were sometimes affected by contradictory tendencies in different linguistic and extralinguistic contexts. The typology of changes presented here is partly language specific and characterises only the given historic, social and cultural circumstances, but partly conveys more general lessons to be learned about the nature of surname change.
