Resumen de Lei Maria da Penha: uma análise de contingências e metacontingências

Lívia de Ângeli, Gabriela Perissinotto de Almeida, Rafael Paulino Juliani

• English

  Alarming indices of violence against women show a system based on socially created and imposed differences between men and women, producing and reproducing asymmetrical power relations with the undeniable subordination of women. Given a patriarchal culture existence which provides an encouraging context for the most distinct violence forms against women, in family and public contexts, where there is a clear violation of women’s human rights, their struggle against inequalities of gender is a primary issue. As an example of that, there was active participation in the feminist movement during the process Law 11.340 - Maria da Penha Law (MPL) creation - (Brasil, 2006). Although the law has been a notable advance in the fight against gender violence, research shows that domestic and family violence has not decreased since its promulgation. Therefore, it is possible to seek behavioral explanations for this low effectiveness. In this perspective, the law can be understood as a control practice codification because it prescribes conduct rules and specifies consequences for actions or omissions compliance or not. Thus, the laws are composed of articles that represent triple contingencies since they start from an antecedent to prescribe a conduct/behavior and determine a consequence, generally aversive in case of non-compliance with the law. When contingencies involve two or more subjects’ behavior and act in an intertwined way, they form a metacontingency, which is an integrated unit that gives rise to an aggregate product. In this sense, the present study analyzed MPL as a possible description of contingencies and metacontingencies. Specifically, this work: (a) identified triple contingencies from the articles contained in the MPL; (b) classified the contingencies as complete and incomplete; (c) identified the aggregate products (APs), based on the main metacontingency, which rules all the analyzed law; and (d) classified the APs of each metacontingency into levels, namely primary, secondary and tertiary. As a result, three incomplete contingencies were found, corresponding to the Government, Society, and Family duties to curb domestic and family violence against women and a complete contingency related to individual behavior of violence against women. Based on metacontingency analysis, a primary aggregate product (living without violence) was found, from which derived five secondary aggregate products (preserving their physical health; preserving their mental health; moral improvement; intellectual and social improvement) in terms of securing rights for women function. Given this, the law was characterized as a chain of aggregate products.

  This paper contributes to the current debate about MPL effectiveness and questions the predominance of incomplete contingencies and the lenient effect that it generates, and beyond that considers the prediction only of aversive consequences for non-compliance with the law, in the case of the only complete contingency.

• português

  O presente estudo analisou a Lei 11.340 - Lei Maria da Penha (Brasil, 2006), enquanto possível descrição de contingências e metacontingências, a fim de buscar explicações analítico-comportamentais na lei para a não diminuição dos índices de violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher. Como resultados foram encontradas três contingências incompletas, correspondentes aos deveres do Poder Público, da Sociedade e da Família de coibir a violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher, e uma completa, relacionada ao comportamento do Indivíduo de violentar a mulher. Quanto à análise de metacontingências, foi encontrado um produto agregado primário (viver sem violência), do qual derivam cinco produtos agregados secundários (preservar sua saúde física; preservar sua saúde mental; aperfeiçoamento moral; aperfeiçoamento intelectual e aperfeiçoamento social) em termos da função de assegurar direitos à mulher. Assim, a lei foi caracterizada como uma cadeia de produtos agregados. Este artigo contribui para o debate atual sobre a eficácia da Lei Maria da Penha e questiona a predominância de contingências incompletas e o efeito leniente que isso gera. Além disso, considera a previsão apenas de consequências aversivas pelo não cumprimento da lei, no caso da única contingência completa identificada na análise.