Using the Cedefop European Skills and Jobs Survey (ESJS), we analyse, by gender, to what extent skill and qualification mismatches are related. Our findings show that past skill mismatch statuses are more relevant for current over-skilling in men while qualification mismatches matter more for women. We find that labour market characteristics affect men and women differently. Finally, we also find that country differences only remain for women when controlling for other characteristics. A better understanding of the relationship among mismatches seems crucial to improve the effectiveness of policy intervention in terms of education and the labour market.
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