Oral pigmented lesions: a retrospective analysis from Brazil

• Danielle Mendes da Silva Albuquerque ^[1] ; John Lennon Silva Cunha ^[2] ; Ana Luiza Oliveira Corrêa Roza ^[2] ; Lady Paola Aristizabal Arboleda ^[3] ; Alan Roger Santos-Silva ^[4] ; Marcio Ajudarte Lopes ^[4] ; Pablo Agustin Vargas ^[4] ; Jacks Jorge ^[4] ; Oslei Paes de Almeida ^[4] ; Aline Corrêa Abrahão ^[1] ; Michelle Agostini ^[1] ; Mário José Romañach ^[1] ; Bruno Augusto Benevenuto de Andrade ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

     Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

     Brasil

     
  2. [2] DDS, MSc student. Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), SP, Brazil
  3. [3] DDS, PhD student. Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), SP, Brazil
  4. [4] DDS, PhD. Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), SP, Brazil

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• Localización: Medicina oral, patología oral y cirugía bucal. Ed. inglesa, ISSN-e 1698-6946, Vol. 26, Nº. 3, 2021
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen

  • Pigmented lesions are uncommon in the oral mucosa, and studies investigating the incidence and types of these lesions are desired to improve the diagnostic knowledge of clinicians. The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of oral pigmented lesions in a Brazilian population.

    A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. Oral pigmented lesions were retrieved from the files of two oral and maxillofacial pathology services from Brazil over a 45-year period (1974-2019). The clinical data and the diagnoses of each case were retrieved and included in a Microsoft Excel® database.

    From 77.074 lesions diagnosed in this period, 761 (0.99%) represented pigmented lesions of the oral mucosa, including 351 (46.1%) melanocytic and 410 (53.9%) non-melanocytic lesions, with a higher incidence in females (73.2%) between the fourth and seventh decades of life. Amalgam tattoo (53.6%) represented the most common lesion, followed by melanotic macule (18.3%) and racial pigmentation (10.8%). Other pigmented lesions included nevus (9.9%), post-inflammatory pigmentation (3%), melanoma (2.1%), melanoacanthoma (1.4%), smoker's melanosis (0.4%), drug-induced pigmentation (0.3%), and melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (0.1%). The buccal mucosa was the most commonly affected site (25.2%), followed by the alveolar ridge (14.5%), and gingiva (11.8%).

    The current findings were similar to previous studies with minor differences due methodology and characteristics of the services from where lesions were retrieved. The knowledge of these data may contribute to a better understanding of oral pigmented lesions and assist clinicians to better recognize and manage them.