O naturalismo biológico em John Searle: A objetividade epistêmica e a subjetividade ontológica como artífices da consciência

• Brígido, Edimar ^[1] ; Szinwelski, Fátima ^[2] ; Godoi, Felipe ^[2]
  1. [1] Unicuritiba - Brasil
  2. [2] Faculdade Vicentina
• Localización: Endoxa: Series Filosóficas, ISSN 1133-5351, Nº 46, 2020 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Ensayos en honor de Eloy Rada García), págs. 229-247
• Idioma: portugués
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Biological Naturalism in John Searle: Epistemic Objectivity and Ontological Subjectivity as Makers of Consciousness
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  • English

    The present article emphasizes the thematic of consciousness, as a crucial point in mental studies, beginning with a historical resumption, encompassing the main thesis that justifies and concept this phenomenon. Initially, discussed amid the problematic “mind-brain”, the consciousness becomes preeminent in Philosophy of Mind, founding two great strands: monist and dualist. Both, theoretically, come from branches of Cartesian thought, which divides the brain and the mind into two dichotomous substances, or reduce them to pure materialism, neglecting subjectivity. Searle, from his Biological Naturalism, will stand out as an innovative thinker, who despises both theories, proposing the analysis of the mental states from epistemic objectivity together with the notion of ontological subjectivity. The author introduces new concepts to mental phenomena, affirming that consciousness is the result of neuronic processes, verified by the biological analysis of the third person and that it is only realized, as an emerging phenomenon of this process, in the first person, by the subjective perspective of each conscious being. Therefore, we highlight the main characteristics that constitute conscious states, namely: subjectivity, quality, and unity. Therefore, we highlight the main characteristics that constitute the conscious states, namely: subjectivity, quality, and unity. These consolidate the author's thesis and endorse the continuity of his research. Searle is concerned with consolidating, with good arguments, the unquestionable existence of consciousness, and will open the door for future research in terms of how it is constituted, especially its realization as a subjective ontology, proposing a new methodological conception to be explored. values the first-person experience, still incompatible with the current scientific research model.

  • português

    Or present article salient to the theme of consciousness, as a crucial fator we are mindful, based on a historical retake, encompassing the principalities that justify and conceive this phenomenon. Initially, discussed in the "mind-brain" problem, a conscience is given to the leading role of Philosophy of Mind, alicerçada em duas great corntes: monista and dualista. Both, theoretically, from the ramifications of Cartesian thought, which divides the mind and mind into these dichotomous substances or as reduced to pure materialism, discarding subjectivities. Searle, based on his Biological Naturalism, stands out as an innovative thinker, who unleashes the current theories, proposed to analyze two states as a result of epistemic objectivity together with no ontological subjectivity.