Hunter S. Waldman, JohnEric W. Smith, John G. Lamberth, Brent J. Fountain, Richard J. Bloomer, Matthew B. Butawan, Matthew J. McAllister
This study compared the effects of a 4-week, nonketogenic, carbohydrate-restricted (<25% of calories) diet (CRD) on markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in professional firefighters (FF). Subjects (n = 15) reported to the laboratory for 2 sessions (i.e., baseline and post-CRD) where blood was drawn from an antecubital vein after a 10-hour overnight fast. Dependent variables measured at baseline and post-CRD included adiponectin, insulin, human growth hormone, cortisol, C-reactive protein, albumin, lipids, glucose, amylase, creatine kinase, malondialdehyde (MDA), advance oxidation protein products (AOPP), total nitrate + nitrite, and soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1. Compared with baseline, the CRD resulted in dramatic improvements to subjects' cardiometabolic profiles, including decreases in AOPP (51.3 +/- 27.3 vs. 32.9 +/- 7.9 ng[middle dot]ml-1), MDA (1.6 +/- 0.6 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.5 [micro]mol[middle dot]L-1), and triglycerides (84.4 +/- 34.4 vs. 64.2 +/- 14.4 mg[middle dot]dl-1), respectively. In addition, the CRD increased total cholesterol (151.5 +/- 23.0 vs. 167.7 +/- 38.2 mg[middle dot]dl-1) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (46.3 +/- 12.7 vs. 50.6 +/- 15.5 mg[middle dot]dl-1), but no differences were found with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Overall, our results show a 4-week CRD can favorably improve some markers of cardiovascular health in male FF
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