Striving for recognition: the first five female professors in Italy (1887–1904)https://doi.org/10.1080/00309230.2019.1690008

• Simonetta Polenghi ^[1]
  1. [1] Catholic University of the Sacred Heart

     Catholic University of the Sacred Heart

     Milán, Italia

     
• Localización: Paedagogica Historica: International journal of the history of education, ISSN 0030-9230, Vol. 56, Nº. 6, 2020 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Breaking boundaries: Women in higher education), págs. 748-768
• Idioma: inglés
• Enlaces
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• Resumen

  • Italy opened the doors of its universities to female students in 1875. The generalview was that very few women were clever enough to obtain a degree, so they would not threaten social stability. Female professors would be even rarer – a few exceptional “male” women. Access to the professions was impossible in the case of the legal profession, or limited in terms of medicine. In this context, where both Catholics and Positivists opposed women’s careers, seeing them as incompatible with motherhood and marriage, five women managed to enter theacademic world as unsalaried lecturers: Giuseppina Cattani (1887, Pathology), Paolina Schiff (1891/1893, German literature and language), Rina Monti (1899, Anatomy and Comparative Physiology), Teresa Labriola (1901, Philosophy of Law) and Maria Montessori (1904, Anthropology). With archival documents and other contemporary texts, this paper reconstructs who these women were and the many difficulties they faced in academic life. Four of them were emancipationists and did not marry. These choices debarred them from pursuing a full academic career. Only Monti, who had a family and took no active part in female propaganda, managed to become a full professor in 1911, the first woman in Italy to do so.