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Resumen de Programmes for Individual Learning

Don Clarke

  • It is argued that medical education has, perhaps, led the academic field in the adoption of individualized instruction and independent learning methods. Examples are quoted from a wide variety of media ranging in complexity from audiotape plus booklet, through tape and slide and television to computer‐assisted learning. Based on the arguments of Cronbach (1977) a case is made for stating that the disappointment has been not so much the fact that such methods have not been widely adopted, but that there has been a failure to conduct research into worthwhile educational issues. It is postulated that perhaps because so little is known about the teaching‐learning process in higher education, we may have an explanation as to why the genuine advances in communications technology have not, as yet, been exploited in the field of individualized instruction.


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