The focus of this paper is double: an overview of the theological discussion from the Council of Chalcedon to the Council of Nicaea II about the status of the sacred images in Christianity, and a global inquiry around the iconography proofs in monumental art before the so called “Iconoclastic controversy” (726/730-843). The interconnection through theological speculations, conciliar decrees, mosaics and frescoes in the apse or on the floors of the churches, aims at restoring the complexity of the role and diffusion of the sacred images between the 6th and 8th centuries in the Byzantine Empire. A detailed presentation of the respective Christological positions of iconomachs and iconophiles and an overview of the main iconographical subjects preserved in the churches will help to overcome some myths that historiography has consigned to history and to achieve a more faithful approach to historical realities.
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