The profound changes in religious architecture induced by the XIX Council (Trent 1545-63) are evident in the Milan cathedral, ruled by the Counter-reformer cardinal Borromeo. The construction of new altars in the cathedral's aisles, planned by Pellegrino Tibaldi (about 1567), made use of two local coloured stones as column shafts, parastades, entablatures etc.: Macchiavecchia, a red-grey-yellow limestone breccia from Arzo (Canton Ticino CH) and Bianco e Nero, a black limestone with a network of white veins from Varenna (lake Como). These stones resembled Portasanta from Greece and Grand Antique from France. The supply of ancient coloured marbles was at the time minimal in Northern Italy except for those directly shipped from Rome, and so Macchiavecchia and Bianco e nero were an advantageous surrogate, employed until the late 18th century
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