This article shows that Les 21 Jours d’un neurasthénique are not just limited to mixing disparate narratives within a frame (the spa town, increasingly evanescent), but they arrange and mixe them according to an order that attributes to each link in the chain a meaning by opposition and analogy. The society of lunatics supports that of the bourgeois and politicians, without juxtaposition, but with a permeability. The doctor Trépan is a maniac locked up in the asylum but also the doctor of the spa town. The speeches of politicians seem to be those of lunatics. To taunt the bourgeois hypocrisy Mirbeau shows that the rich, during a sumptuous dinner, tell the most pathetic stories about the poor people. Thus he succeeds in filtering the patheticism through mockery.
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