Resumen de Efecto del ejercicio físico sobre la concentración de adipocinas en adultos con obesidad. Una revisión sistemática

Anabel Vázquez Rodríguez, Ramón Candia Luján, Liliana Aracely Enríquez del Castillo, Sandra A. Reza López, Claudia Esther Carrasco Legleu

• español

  Objetivo: realizar una revisión sistemática de la evidencia publicada para determinar el efecto de diferentes tipos de ejercicio en la concentración de adipocinas en adultos con obesidad. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, EBSCO (Medline, MedicLatina) y el buscador Google Académico. Los descriptores utilizados fueron los siguientes: en inglés, “adipocytokines” OR “adipokines”, “exercise” OR “physical activity” OR “training”, “adults” AND “obese”; en español, “adipocinas”, “ejercicio” o “actividad física”, “adultos” y “obesidad”. Resultados: Se incluyeron 13 estudios de diferentes modalidades de ejercicio como aerobio, anaerobio y mixto. Se reporta un aumento en las concentraciones de adiponectina, así como una disminución en los niveles de leptina y (factor de necrosis tumoral alfa) TNFα.  Conclusión: Se observó que existe un mayor beneficio con el ejercicio aerobio marcando mejoras en los niveles de adipocinas.

• English

  Introduction: In obesity, adipose tissue causes alterations in the regulation of adipokines, while the type of exercise can influence its secretion at the systemic level. Aim: The aim was to perform a systematic review of published evidence about the effect of different types of exercise on the adipokines concentration in adults with obesity. Method: A search through PubMed, EBSCO (Medline, MedicLatina), and Google Scholar databases was performed. The descriptors used were the following: in English, "adipocytokines" OR "adipokines", "exercise" OR "physical activity" OR "training", "adults" AND "obese"; in Spanish, "adipocinas", "ejercicio" or "actividad física", "adultos" and "obesidad". The inclusion criteria were: original, randomized controlled articles, published between 2005 and 2018, in English and Spanish, with exercise intervention describing type, intensity, frequency and duration. It was taken into account that the intervention had been performed in adults who were overweight or obese. Results: were located 751 articles, of which only 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. Of these n = 8 studies report results of aerobic exercise, n = 1 anaerobic, n = 1 mixed and n = 3 in which they used different exercise modalities separately as aerobic, anaerobic and / or mixed. An increase in adiponectin concentrations is reported, as well as a decrease in levels of leptin and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Conclusion: According to the literature reviewed, improvements in adipokine levels are observed after an intervention greater than 10 weeks with aerobic and anaerobic exercise of moderate and vigorous intensity.