In this article, we present the results of a survey in 10 Swedish companies, regarding industry practices for the establishment of product design specifications and for conceptual design. The basis of the survey is a series of interviews with design managers in the same companies, undertaken during the autumn of 1992, which revealed serious misunderstandings about design methodology. The results called for a deeper investigation of these matters, and the survey treated in this article was carried out during the autumn of 1993. In a semi-tutorial way, the author tries to highlight the importance of an understanding of the early design phases, such as task clarification and conceptual design; this is necessary to facilitate design for quality (DFQ). Since the engineering designer tries to solve an ill-defined problem, DFQ cannot be confined to a singular method or technique, such as design for assembly, quality functions, deployment, etc., but must be built on the findings of design science.
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