México
México
El guajolote silvestre (Meleagris gallopavo L.) se extinguió de “Sierra Fría”, Aguascalientes, México, en la década de 1950 y de 1992 a 1994 se le reintrodujo en la región. En la actualidad dicha especie es abundante en “Sierra Fría”; sin embargo, se sabe poco sobre sus hábitos alimentarios, lo que motivó la realización del presente estudio. Para documentar la dieta se colectaron buches (n = 28) y mollejas (n = 24) de 40 guajolotes cazados durante abril y mayo de 2001 y 2002. En la dieta se identificaron 26 taxa vegetales, siete insectos y un molusco. Las especies con mayor ocurrencia (PO) en 2001 fueron: Trifolium amabile (85%), Piptochaetium fimbriatum (62%) y Eryngium cardinale (54%), mientras que las especies que aportaron el mayor peso seco total (PST = 601.71 g) fueron: Zea mays (478 g) y Oxalis decaphylla (24 g).
En 2002 Arctostaphylos pungens y Zea mays tuvieron los mayores PO (90% y 70%) y fueron las especies que contribuyeron con 19% y 76% del PST (PST = 329.19 g), respectivamente.
Los taxa de plantas y animales encontrados en la dieta indican que el guajolote silvestre es un omnívoro oportunista que basa su alimentación de acuerdo con la abundancia, diversidad y disponibilidad del alimento. Por tanto, la aparición recurrente del maíz en la dieta se debe aque este tipo de grano se usa para atraer a los guajolotes durante la época de caza y tal vez porque el alimento es escaso en su hábitat durante esa temporada del año (abril y mayo).
Wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo L.) was extirpated from “Sierra Fria”, Aguascalientes, Mexico, around the 50´s, but was reestablished in the area between 1992 and 1994. At present, the species is abundant in “Sierra Fria”; however, little is known about its food habits, reason which motivated the present study. The objective of this study was to document the diet composition of wild turkey through the analysis of crops (n = 28) and gizzards (n = 24) collected from 40 wild turkeys, which were hunted during April and May in the years 2001 and 2002. Twenty-six plants, seven insects and one snail were identified as diet components. The plant species with highest percentage of occurrence (PO) during 2001 were: Trifolium amabile (85%), Piptochaetium fimbriatum (62%) and Eryngium cardinale (54%), whereas the species which contributedmost of the total dry weight (TDW = 601.71 g) were: Zea mays (478 g) and Oxalis decaphylla (24 g). In 2002 Arctostaphylos pungens and Zea mays were the most frequent species (PO = 90% and 70%) and contributing with 19% and 76% of TDW (TDW = 329.19 g), respectively.
Plant and animal species found in the diet indicate that wild turkey is an opportunistic omnivorous whose diet composition depends on the abundance, diversity and availability of food. Anexplanation for the recurrent presence of corn in the diet is due to the use of this grain as bait during wild turkey hunting season, and possibly because the food is scarce in its habitat in this season of the year (April and May)
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