Risk Factors for Physical Disability in Patients With Leprosy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

• Autores: Hidyanara L. de Paula, Carlos D.F. de Souza, Sara R. Silva, Paulo R. Martins Filho, Josafá G. Barreto, Ricardo Q. Gurgel, Luis E. Cuevas, Victor S. Santos
• Localización: JAMA Dermatology, ISSN 2168-6068, Vol. 155, Nº. 10, 2019, págs. 1120-1128
• Idioma: inglés
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen

  • Importance The World Health Organization (WHO) 2016-2020 Global Leprosy Strategy aims to reinvigorate efforts to control leprosy and avert leprosy disability to less than 1 per million population.

    Objective To systematically identify clinical factors associated with physical disability in patients with leprosy.

    Data Source Searches were conducted in Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases to identify studies published from January 23, 1988, to May 23, 2018, using the keywords leprosy and physical disability and related terms.

    Study Selection Studies that evaluated patients using the WHO leprosy disability grading system and reported the number of patients with and without disability by clinical characteristics were included.

    Data Extraction and Synthesis The odds ratio (OR) was used as a measure of association between the clinical features and physical disability. Summary estimates were calculated using random-effects models.

    Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was physical disability according to the WHO disability classification. The association between clinical features and physical disability than female patients with leprosy (pooled OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.43-1.93; I2, 81.3%; P < .001). Persons with multibacillary leprosy were 4-fold more likely to have physical disability than those with paucibacillary leprosy (pooled OR, 4.32; 95% CI, 3.37-5.53; I2, 88.9%, P < .001). Patients having leprosy reactions were more likely to have disability (pooled OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.35-4.36; I2, 92.1%; P < .001). Patients with lepromatous leprosy experienced 5- to 12-fold higher odds of disability.

    Conclusions and Relevance This systematic review and meta-analysis confirms the association between the presence of physical disabilities and male sex, multibacillary leprosy, leprosy reactions, and lepromatous presentation. These findings can guide the development of targeted interventions for early identification of individuals at greater risk of developing physical disabilities and education campaigns to promote early consultation to institute treatment for leprosy reactions and prevent physical disability.