During the 19th century, Mexico was embroiled in social and economic turmoil. Faced with the same problems shared by many young nations, Mexico’s elite needed to find a way to rein in the chaos and create a unified, stable, and modern citizenry. Drawing on archival and archaeological data, this article explores the economic and social instability faced by rural landowners in central Mexico’s Valley of Atlixco and discusses a strategic solution to these problems. By examining changes in the architectural layout of the Hacienda San Miguel Acocotla, I demonstrate that rural landowners attempted to transform the very identities of their workers by implementing programs of modernization that not only affected their work habits, but also their home lives.
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