Resumen de Las intervenciones arquitectónicas en el Palacio del Almirante de Aragón en Valencia (principios del siglo XX)
- español
El actual Palacio del Almirante de Aragón, en Valencia (España), monumento histórico artístico desde 1944, es el resultado de la suma de varias intervenciones arquitectónicas a lo largo del tiempo. Tradicionalmente y a nivel disciplinar, se ha tomado este edificio como un paradigma de los palacios bajomedievales, construidos en los territorios del antiguo imperio aragonés. Los principales elementos arquitectónicos existentes en este monumento, incluso en época moderna, se han considerado como originales, o al menos ejecutados durante el siglo XVI. Este extremo tiene su explicación en que dichas intervenciones se realizaron “en estilo” y con pericia, tal como se solía hacer en aquella época en nuestro país. Este artículo da cuenta de una serie de obras efectuadas en el edificio, todas ellas desconocidas, durante la primera parte del siglo XX (1902-1935). Estas obras, anteriores a una actuación integral e institucional realizada en 1987, afectaron a su patio, pero también alteraron de forma importante el volumen del edificio. El texto, apoyándose en documentación inédita, identifica y data estas intervenciones, aclarando a los autores y los trabajos acometidos. Se presta especial atención al patio central del palacio, como elemento claramente singularizador del monumento. La investigación se ha apoyado, en una búsqueda documental en archivos, públicos y privados, así como en un detenido estudio de los elementos alterados, en visitas al propio edificio. Para comprobar con mayor claridad la evolución y el alcance de las antedichas intervenciones, se han interpretado con modelados gráficos en 3D, tanto en el caso del patio como en el del volumen de todo el edificio. Estos modelados dan una idea bastante exacta de sus distintas fases de transformación hasta adoptar su aspecto actual.Highlights:En este artículo se aclara documentalmente qué elementos del patio del palacio de los Almirantes de Aragón se cambiaron y/o añadieron en la primera mitad del siglo XX.Se realiza un estudio evolutivo del monumento que se centra con detalle en el patio del palacio, pero también se acomete un estudio general de la evolución volumétrica del edificio.El estudio, que se plantea desde un punto de vista científico, se basa en un trabajo de archivos exhaustivo, manejando documentación completamente inédita y visitando el monumento.
- English
The Palace of the Admirals of Aragón is in the city of Valencia, Spain. It was built in the Gothic style of the Valencian self-governing period, and has always been an “architectonic type” reference of this era. Referring to the building itself, there are two elements to highlight because of their interest. The first is its courtyard, which fits into the developed standards in all states of the old Crown of Aragón, talking about either the ones currently in Spain or those existing in France or Italy. Because of that, researchers came up with the term “Mediterranean Gothic” to define this style, since there are currently different geographic regions belonging to different countries. This courtyard will be the main research objective of this paper; it was designed before the ground floor, first floor and small attic interventions. The second element which makes this building unique is its ceilings of carved painted woodwork. Until the present day, this Palace has only been refurbishment once (in 1987), according to written records. The aim of this paper is to show that even though the courtyard has always been used as the best way to show the Valencian Gothic style, many of its elements were added in the first half of the 20th Century. In this research, it can be deduced that there were at least three technicians in the period between 1902 and the late 30s. Surveyor Salvador Furió, who simply put some order into interior partitions where a Gothic spiral staircase was demolished, carried out the first intervention. In the late 1920s, the work was taken over by architect Joaquín Rieta Sister, who was responsible for the restoration of the original state of the courtyard, whose ground floor arcs had been blinded before Rieta’s intervention. He opened these arcs by creating new wall gaps and installing regular windows there. This architect also removed some of the closed rooms on the ground floor, which were used for storage. Finally, he demolished the upper floor façade, turning the attic into a balcony using metallic handrails. After Rieta, architect Antonio Gómez Davó took charge of the work. He kept working on the courtyard, removing the last storage room left, and making three new gaps in the east façade, inspired by existing Neogothic doors. He demolished Rieta’s balconies and turned the upper floor into a useful space that met the requirements of the building to be used as a school. Gómez Davó increased the building’s height by turning this upper floor into a closed space and reconstructed the ashlar wall adding bilobed Gothic windows. From that moment, the courtyard was composed of a ground floor and two full upper floors. Both Rieta’s interventions, as well as the one carried out by Gómez, can be considered “in style”, as it was the ruling fashion at that moment to refurbish historic buildings, at least in Spain.It is interesting to highlight the new or refurbished works by Gómez due to the treatment given to the edges, so the new can be identified against the old. After the intervention by Rieta that turned the attic into a balcony, and after its demolition, there was a horizontal joint left which clearly crosses all the way through the patio’s perimeter. This part also shows a modern intervention treatment for its horizontality and by using new and lighter colour stone in the new attic enclosure, so both areas can be distinguishable.The intervention carried out by Gómez was not only focused on the courtyard as Rieta did. In his archives, there is plenty of written and graphic material to approximate his interventions in this monument. Although the main objective of this research is to show the courtyard’s modern changes as the Palace’s singular element, it has attempted to reflect these interventions briefly, in the attached appendix. For this reason, 3D models of the patio and building have been built to give the most accurate idea of what happened to the building over time. The modelling of the courtyard includes three historical moments: before the intervention of Rieta, after the intervention of Rieta, and after the intervention of Gómez. The modelling of the building includes prior to the intervention of Gómez, after his intervention, before the 1987 intervention, and after its completion. The text also reflects on the danger of interventions “in style”, since these elements have been mistaken for the original ones and therefore may have caused confusion among researchers. Today, progress has been made in favour of historical truthfulness thanks to the participation of archaeologists, restorers to the traditional teams of architects and surveyors, who were dedicated exclusively to these works. Now we may have a different and perhaps more specialized vision in some aspects, thus ensuring a better result of the work.
