Le numérique industriel, enjeu géopolitique: le cas de l’Allemagne

• Autores: Dorothée Kohler, Jean-Daniel Weisz
• Localización: Hérodote: Revue de géographie et de géopolitique, ISSN 0338-487X, Nº. 175, 2019 (Ejemplar dedicado a: L’ALLEMAGNE, 30 ANS APRÈS)
• Idioma: francés
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• Resumen

  • Since the 1990s, German industrial policy has focused on maintaining cost competitiveness (Standort Deutschland). As early as 2010, a new policy entitled Industry 4.0 appeared, highlighting the challenge of combining traditional industries and information and communication technologies. This policy, driven by the federal government, industry and the world of research, is the opposite of a Fordist production organization dedicated to the manufacture of large series allowing increasing productivity gains. Industry 4.0 explodes the traditional linear production line, replaced by a multitude of modular equipment allowing the manufacturing of small customised series near urban agglomerations. This industrial revolution is made possible by the introduction of digital technologies into manufacturing operations and a new network of logistics flows where products, people and equipment communicate and adjust in real time to production hazards. This digital transformation brings industrial IT to the forefront and significantly changes the balance of power between the actors within the sectors. The influence of software publishers who provide these new digital tools increase significantly. Cloud giants such as Amazon Web Services and Microsoft Azure now dominate the industrial data processing and storage infrastructure, resulting in significant European data ownership and security challenges.