Resumen de Análise dos efeitos de variáveis históricas sobre o seguimento de regra discrepante

Luiz Carlos de Albuquerque, Carla Cristina Paiva Paracampo, Sylvio Allan Rocha Moreira

• English

  Investigating the effects of a protracted history of the correspondent rule following reinforced in fixed ratio 4 schedule (FR4) and exposed to change in programmed contingencies for discrepant rule following, four college students were submitted to a matching to sample procedure. The task was pointing to three comparison stimulus in a sequence. Each comparison stimulus matched in only one dimension – color (C), thickness (T) or shape (S) – to the sample, differing on the other dimensions. In Phase 1, baseline, no sequence was instructed or reinforced. Phase 2 began with a corresponding rule specifying the TSC sequence. In the beginning of Phase 2, correct sequence (TSC) was reinforced until 16 points were granted in FR4. Then, correct sequence was no longer reinforced (extinction) during 80 trials. Later, correspondent rule was re-inserted and the correct sequence specified by it was again reinforced in FR4 until plus 300 points were granted, ending Phase 2. Phase 3 began with discrepant rule specifying SCT sequence was ended when one of the following criteria was reached, whichever occurred first: after delivery of 20 points in FR4 if the participant emitted the correct sequence (EFC)] or after 240 trials had occurred (if the participant emitted the SCT sequence, specified by discrepant rule, or another incorrect sequence). All four participants followed the rules. Such results, along with similar studies’s results, suggest that combined variables such as: reinforcement schedule, extension of reinforcement history, immediate consequences, Type 2 justifications, history of independence and dependence of behavior to its immediate consequences before discrepant rule presentation, may intervene in the subsequent discrepant rule following.

• português

  Investigando os efeitos de uma história prolongada do seguimento de regra correspondente, reforçado intermitentemente e exposto à mudança nas contingências programadas, sobre o seguimento de regra discrepante, quatro estudantes universitários foram expostos a um procedimento de escolha segundo o modelo. A tarefa era apontar para os três estímulos de comparação em sequência. Na Fase 1, nenhuma sequência era instruída ou reforçada. Na Fase 2, inicialmente a regra correspondente era apresentada e a sequência correta era reforçada até serem concedidos 16 pontos. Depois, a sequência correta deixava de ser reforçada (extinção) durante 80 tentativas. Em seguida, a regra correspondente era reintroduzida e a sequência correta voltava a ser reforçada até a concessão de mais 300 pontos, quando a Fase 2 era encerrada. A Fase 3, iniciada com a regra discrepante, era encerrada após a concessão de 20 pontos ou após 240 tentativas, o que ocorresse primeiro. Todos os quatro participantes seguiram as regras. Tais resultados, em conjunto com os resultados de estudos similares, sugerem que variáveis combinadas como: esquema de reforço, extensão da história de reforço, consequências imediatas, justificativas do Tipo 2, as histórias de independência e de dependência do comportamento às suas consequências imediatas, podem interferir no seguimento subsequente de regras discrepantes.