Evaluación de la política industrial durante el periodo de apertura económica en México / Industrial policy evaluation during economic liberalization in Mexico

• Calderón Villarreal, Cuauhtémoc ^[1] ; Vázquez, Belem Iliana ^[1] ; López Valdez, Laura Ivonne ^[1]
  1. [1] El Colegio de la Frontera Norte
• Localización: Nóesis: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, ISSN 0188-9834, ISSN-e 2395-8669, Vol. 28, Nº. 55, 2019, págs. 162-184
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Industrial policy evaluation during economic liberalization in Mexico
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• Resumen
  • español

    La política macroeconómica en México, desde mediados de los noventa, favoreció la estabilidad de precios y del tipo de cambio. Un rasgo característico fue la ausencia de una política industrial activa promotora del desarrollo económico nacional, en su lugar se aplicó una política comercial. El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar si la política comercial aplicada, de apertura indiscriminada,  logró impulsar el crecimiento de la producción manufacturera, las exportaciones y la formación bruta de capital. Se estimaron vectores de corrección de error con datos de 1995 a 2015. Los resultados indican que ningún instrumento de política comercial contribuyó al crecimiento de las manufacturas, pero hay evidencia de que el control de precios, las exportaciones y la IED facilitaron la formación bruta de capital y el dualismo económico. Esto implica que el sector orientado hacia afuera fue el más beneficiado, pero no generaron crecimiento en el resto de la economía. Es necesario considerar la aplicación de una política industrial activa que financie y promueva la producción dirigida al mercado interno. AbstractThe Mexican macroeconomic policy has favored the stability of prices and the exchange rate since the early nineties. This has resulted in the absence of an active industrial policy that could promote economic development; instead a commercial policy was applied. The goal of this research is to evaluate whether or not this commercial policy contributed to raise growth rates of manufactures production, exports and gross fixed investment. We estimated a vector error correction mechanism with data from 1995 to 2015. None of the variables used by the commercial policy was significant as explicative of manufactures production growth. However, prices, exports and FDI contributed to increase gross fixed investment growth. The implication of the results is that outward oriented activities achieved better growth rates, however they had little effect on the rest of the economy. It is necessary to consider the application of a more active industrial policy in order to improve domestic production to satisfy domestic demand.

  • English

    The Mexican macroeconomic policy has favored the stability of prices and the exchange rate since the early nineties. This has resulted in the absence of an active industrial policy that could promote economic development; instead a commercial policy was applied. The goal of this research is to evaluate whether or not this commercial policy contributed to raise growth rates of manufactures production, exports and gross fixed investment. We estimated a vector error correction mechanism with data from 1995 to 2015. None of the variables used by the commercial policy was significant as explicative of manufactures production growth. However, prices, exports and FDI contributed to increase gross fixed investment growth. The implication of the results is that outward oriented activities achieved better growth rates, however they had little effect on the rest of the economy. It is necessary to consider the application of a more active industrial policy in order to improve domestic production to satisfy domestic demand.