Mortalidad por suicidio, factores de riesgos y protectores

• Corona Miranda, Beatriz ^[1] ; Hernández Sánchez, Mariela ^[1] ; García Pérez, Rosa Marina ^[1]
  1. [1] Instituto Nacional de Higiene, Epidemiología y Microbiología (INHEM), Cuba
• Localización: Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas, ISSN-e 1729-519X, Vol. 15, Nº. 1, 2016, págs. 90-100
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Suicide mortality risk and protective factors
• Enlaces
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• Dialnet Métricas: 10 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    Introducción: El suicidio es un problema universal y multicausal. El sexo, la cultura, el grupo étnico, la historia familiar, los trastornos emocionales, la violencia, el maltrato infantil y las condiciones socioeconómicas desfavorables son determinantes a tener en cuenta en su epidemiología, existiendo  factores de riesgo y  protectores relacionados con esta conducta. Objetivo: Actualizar aspectos relacionados con la mortalidad por suicidio e identificar los factores de riesgos y protectores que intervienen en esta lesión autoinfligida intencionalmente. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en diferentes bases de datos de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, utilizando las bases de datos Cielo,  Ebsco, Revistas médicas cubanas  y otros, se obtuvieron  89 publicaciones y se incluyeron 29  artículos  atendiendo a su  relevancia, pertinencia y actualidad en el último quinquenio. Resultados: La Organización Mundial de la Salud, en su informe del año 2014,  reportó que las regiones de bajos y medianos ingresos aportaron 75,5 % de la mortalidad por suicidio en el mundo, representando 50% de todas las muertes violentas registradas entre hombres y 71% entre mujeres. En Cuba es la novena causa de muerte y la tercera en el grupo de 10-19 años, incrementándose  las tasas a partir de los 60 años de edad. Existen factores de riesgos y protectores a nivel individual, familiar, comunitario, e institucional que se relacionan directamente con esta conducta. Conclusiones: La identificación  precoz de los factores de riesgo y el fortalecimiento de los  factores protectores, tienen repercusiones positivas en las estrategias de prevención del suicidio.Palabras clave: Suicidio, lesiones autoinfligidas intencionalmente, conducta suicida, factores de riesgo  y protectores. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Suicide is a universal problem with many causes. Gender, culture, ethnicity, family history, emotional disorders, violence, child abuse and unfavorable socioeconomic conditions are determining to consider in its epidemiology, existing risk and protective factors related to this behavior. Objective: Update aspects of suicide mortality and identify risk and protective factors involved in this intentionally self-inflicted injury. Material and Methods: A literature review was conducted in different databases of the Virtual Health Library, using the bases of SciELO, Ebsco, Cuban medical journals and other data were obtained 89 publications and 29 articles were included according to their importance, relevance and timeliness in the last five years. Results: The World Health Organization in its report in 2014 reported that the regions of low and middle income accounted for 75.5% of suicide mortality in the world, accounting for 50% of all violent deaths recorded between men and 71% among women. In Cuba is the ninth leading cause of death and the third in the group 10-19 years, increasing rates from 60 years of age. There are risks and protective factors at the individual, family, community, and institutional that are directly related to this conduct. Conclusions: Early identification of risk factors and strengthening protective factors has a positive impact on suicide prevention strategies.Key words: Intentionally self-inflicted injuries, suicidal behavior, risk and protective factors for suicide.

  • English

    Introduction: suicide is a universal problem with many causes. Gender, culture, ethnicity, family history, emotional disorders, violence, child abuse and unfavorable socioeconomic conditions are determining to consider in its epidemiology, existing risk and protective factors related to this behavior.  Objective: update aspects of suicide mortality and identify risk and protective factors involved in this intentionally self-inflicted injury. Material and Methods: a literature review was conducted in different databases of the Virtual Health Library, using the bases of SciELO, Ebsco, Cuban medical journals and other data were obtained 89 publications and 29 articles were included according to their importance, relevance and timeliness in the last five years. Results: the World Health Organization in its report in 2014 reported that the regions of low and middle income accounted for 75.5% of suicide mortality in the world, accounting for 50% of all violent deaths recorded between men and 71% among women. In Cuba is the ninth leading cause of death and the third in the group 10-19 years, increasing rates from 60 years of age. There are risks and protective factors at the individual, family, community, and institutional that are directly related to this conduct. Conclusions: early identification of risk factors and strengthening protective factors has a positive impact on suicide prevention strategies.Key words: intentionally self-inflicted injuries, suicidal behavior, risk and protective factors for suicide.