Daniela Mendonça Ribeiro, Rayssa Sarmento Teodosio Cavalcante, Maria Thaís Santos Bandeira, Ana Carolina Sella, Caio Flávio Andriussi Miguel
Children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) may exhibit difficulties to learn cognitive skills, such as categorizing stimuli of different levels of complexity. Previous research has shown that children with ASD may correctly categorize visual stimuli after learning to emit speaker (tact) and listener behavior towards these stimuli using common category names. The present study was designed to extend the findings obtained by those studies and verify whether tact training would lead to the emergence of categorization and listener behavior. Four children diagnosed with ASD (7 and 10-years old) participated in the study. A nonconcurrent multiple baseline design across two children was used to evaluate the effects of tact training on the emergence of categorization and listener behavior.
Participants were initially exposed to a pretraining with familiar pictures corresponding to three different categories (toys, clothes, and fruits). After the pretraining, they were taught to tact the category of nine pictures belonging to three different stimulus classes (hound dog, work dog, and toy dog) through a progressive prompt delay procedure. Next, we tested to see whether participants would match the pictures by category and emit the corresponding listener behavior. Two different categorization tests were administered. During the first test, participants had to look at the sample before selecting the corresponding comparisons. In the second test, they were instructed to tact the sample before selecting the comparisons. All participants learned to tact the pictures with few errors. They also categorized and emitted listener behavior. Results replicated those obtained by previous studies and suggest that tact training may produce categorization and listener behavior in children with ASD.
They also support clinical recommendations for promoting categorization through tact training with participants who demonstrate transfer from speaker to listener behavior.
Crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) podem apresentar dificuldades na aprendizagem de habilidades cognitivas, tais como a categorização de estímulos de diferentes níveis de complexidade.
Há evidências de que se comportar como falante ou ouvinte diante de objetos ou eventos pode facilitar a emergência da categorização. Este estudo pretendeu estender os resultados obtidos por estudos anteriores e verificar se o ensino do tato levaria à emergência dos comportamentos de categorização e de ouvinte por meio de um delineamento de linha de base múltipla não concorrente entre participantes. Participaram do estudo quatro crianças com TEA (7 e 10 anos de idade), as quais foram ensinadas a tatear as categorias de nove figuras pertencentes a três diferentes classes de estímulos. Em seguida, testou-se se elas agrupariam as figuras de acordo com sua categoria e se emitiriam os comportamentos de ouvinte correspondentes. Todos os participantes aprenderam a tatear as figuras com poucos erros. Eles também categorizaram as figuras e emitiram os comportamentos de ouvinte correspondentes.
Os resultados replicam os obtidos por estudos anteriores e sugerem que o ensino do tato pode levar à emergência dos comportamentos de categorização e de ouvinte em crianças com TEA.
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