Ellis argues that it's time to turn the reductionist idea about cause and effect on its head. Physicists don't usually think in terms of top-down causation, as they tend to assume that everything flows from micro to macro scales, but neuroscientists must in order to make sense of brain processes such as vision. As Chris Frith explains in his book Making Up the Mind, what people see is determined by what their brains predict they ought to see, rather than simply by the signals reaching their brain from the retina.
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