Estudio antropológico de los restos humanos hallados en el yacimiento visigodo de Riocueva (Hoznayo, Entrambasaguas. Cantabria)

• Silvia Carnicero-Cáceres ^[1]
  1. [1] Instituto de Medicina Legal de Cantabria
• Localización: Munibe Antropologia - Arkeologia, ISSN 1132-2217, Nº 69, 2018, págs. 257-263
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Anthropological study of the human remains from the visigothic site of Riocueva (Hoznayo, Entrambasaguas, Cantabria)
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    Entre los años 2011 y 2014 se llevaron a cabo distintas intervenciones arqueológicas en el yacimiento de Riocueva, un depósito en cueva de carácter sepulcral cuyos materiales han sido az.

    Se presenta el estudio antropológico y paleopatológico de los restos humanos recuperados en las tres campañas. La muestra se encontraba muy fragmentada y afectada por la acción intencional del fuego. Aún así, se han podido identificar al menos 8 individuos, 4 de ellos subadultos y otros 4 adultos jóvenes, sin patologías graves o traumatismos que justifiquen su fallecimiento, sobre los que se produjeron alteraciones tafonómicas antrópicas y faunísticas (fragmentación de los huesos, dispersión y aplicación de fuego).

    Tanto el yacimiento como la población muestras características similares a otros yacimientos próximos, como son las cuevas de Las Penas (Mortera, Piélagos) o La Garma (Omoño, Ribamontán del Monte).

  • English

    From 2011 to 2014 the Mauranus Research Project team, a project whose purpose is to study the transition between the ancient and medieval world in Cantabria, carried out 3 archaeological interventions in Riocueva site. This site is a cave that corresponds to one of the entries to a karstic complex about 3km long although the archaeological site occupies about 70-80m from the vestibule. Archaeological studies have confirmed the sepulchral character of the deposit, which has been dated by studying the C14 between 7th and 8th centuries AD and by TL between 6th and 9th centuries AD.

    We report the anthropological and paleopathological study of the human remains recovered after the 8 archeological surveys were completed. The hole sample was very fragmented (498 human bone fragments, most of them very small), because of the action of animals and humans. Moreover, they were affected by the intentional use of fire, so all this circumstances hindered the anthropological study. The aim was to establish the Minimum Number of Individuals deposited in the cave, as well as other anthropological and paleopathological features that characterize the sample.

    At least 8 individuals have been identified, 4 subadults (a perinatal, a child of 2-3 years, a child of 3-4 years and a child of 6-11 years) and 4 very young adults. No important pathologies neither traumas were recognized, so the cause of death is unidentified. Important intentional anthropogenic and faunal taphonomic alterations were reported (fragmentation of the bones, dispersion and fire damage).

    Both the site and the population show similarities with other archeological sites, the caves of Las Penas (Mortera, Piélagos. Cantabria) and the Lower Gallery of La Garma (Omoño, Ribamontán del Monte. Cantabria), that we review in this report. All of them were used from 650 to 730 a.C. as atipical sepulchral sites, since the normal practice was to bury dead people in necropolis. Furthermore, the demographic profile identified, individuals who died as children subjects, subadults or very young adults, does not correspond to the pattern present in contempo- rary necropolises, such as Santa María de Hito (Valderredible. Cantabria), El Conventón de Rebolledo (Valdeolea. Cantabria) or Santa María de Retortillo (Retortillo. Cantabria). They belong to groups of ages where mortality should decrease drastically. This can only be explained by the hypothesis of an acute infectious disease as the cause of death: a very contagious infection which causes the death of those individuals no immunized previously. In the pre-vaccination era, several of them may be candidates: smallpox, plague, typhoid fever, flu,.... In this sense, according to the hypothesis proposed by the Mauranus Project team samples have been collected to carry out studies of paleomicrobiology.

  • euskara

    2011 eta 2014 urteen artean, Riocuevako aztarnategian hainbat lan arkeologiko egin zuten. Aztarnategiak hilobi izaera du eta bertako materialak K.a. 650 eta 730 urte artekoak dira.

    Hiru kanpainetan berreskuratutako gorpuzkien ikerketa antropologikoa eta paleopatologikoa jasotzen du. Lagina oso hautsita eta suaren nahitako ekintza zela eta oso kaltetuta zegoen. Hala eta guztiz ere, gutxienez 8 banako identifikatu ahal izan dituzte; haietako 4 azpi-helduak dira, eta beste 4 heldu gazteak, heriotza justifikatuko lukeen patologia larririk edo traumatismorik gabeak. Haiengan asaldura tafonomiko antropikoak eta faunistikoak gertatu ziren (hezurren zatiketa, dispertsioa eta sua aplikatzea).

    Aztarnategiak zein populazioak gertu dauden beste aztarnategi batzuetakoen antzekoak diren ezaugarriak dituzte: Las Penaseko kobazuloak (Mortera, Piélagos) edo La Garma (Omoño, Ribamontán al Monte), adibidez.