Cryan and Dinan talk about the mind-altering effects of gut bacteria, which are finally being understood. People acquire the intestinal microbes immediately afterbirth, and live in an important symbiotic relationship with them. There are far more bacteria in one's gut than cells in the body, and their weight roughly equals that of one's brain. In the absence of gut bacteria, brain structure and function are altered. Studies of mice reared in a germ-free environment, with no exposure to bacteria, show that such mice have alterations in memory, emotional state and behavior.
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