The article discusses the 1901 social realist painting titled "The Fourth Estate," by Giuseppe Pellizza da Volpedo. The painting represents several historical aspects of the Italian society including the condition of the working poor and the political activism of the proletariat, the use of the Divisionist technique of painting, and the personal reason that led Pellizza to commit suicide in 1907. An assessment of the painting based on the Institutional Critique context is offered.
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