A generalized color-difference space was introduced based on theories of multi-stage color vision, for example, the zone theory, and extended by integrating line elements. This space had the following features: chromatic adaptation, a linear transformation from CIE tristimulus values to cone fundamentals, a nonlinear compression stage, a second linear transformation to opponent signals, and line-element integration that was a function of chroma. Variants of this generalized color-difference space were derived using the RIT-DuPont and Qiao et al. Datasets of equal perceived color differences. These spaces had improved performance compared with CIELAB and resulted in a Euclidean distance metric with statistically equivalent or superior performance to the current CIE recommended color-difference formula, CIEDE2000.
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