Resumen de Is a decline in will to live a consequence or predictor of depression in late life?

Sara Carmel, Hava Tovel, Victoria H. Raveis, Norm O'Rourke

• OBJECTIVES To assess the causal directions of interaction between depression and decline in will to live (WTL) over 2 years in community‐dwelling older adults.

  DESIGN Community‐based longitudinal study.

  SETTING Three large cities in Israel.

  PARTICIPANTS Individuals aged 75 and older (N=870).

  MEASUREMENTS We tested a cross‐lagged structural equation model in which WTL and depressive symptoms (DS) were tested as latent variables at each of three annual points of measurement.

  RESULTS Of the health and sociodemographic covariates examined, only self‐rated health predicted WTL and DS, and age predicted WTL. WTL predicted DS at each point of measurement. In addition to these cross‐sectional effects, WTL also predicted DS 12 months later at the second and third year. In other words, the direction of prediction was exclusively from WTL to DS, concomitantly and over time.

  CONCLUSION Our results indicate that WTL predicts DS rather than vice versa, suggesting that decline in WTL contributes and leads to depression at present and in future. Health strategies designed to promote WTL in older adults may help forestall depression. Moreover, psychotherapeutic interventions targeting WTL might be effective in the treatment of depression.