Resumen de Lesão física, estresse psicológico e enfrentamento em atletas de Futebol

Cleberson Franclin Tavares Costa, Aline Conceição Souza, Marlizete Maldonado Vargas

• português

  O estresse é um estado de tensão que rompe o equilíbrio natural do organismo, e para a reabilitação o indivíduo deve utilizar de estratégias de enfrentamento eficazes. O estudo do estresse, dentro e fora do esporte, apresenta evidências da relação entre estresse e lesões físicas. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a percepção de situações estressoras e as estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas por atletas lesionados e não lesionados no Campeonato Sergipano 2014. 81 atletas de futebol profissionais, de quatro equipes semi-finalistas do Campeonato Sergipano 2014, compuseram a amostra e responderam o Inventário de Fatores de Stress no Futebol (ISF), a Escala de Modo de Enfrentamento de Problemas (EMEP) e a uma entrevista estruturada. Nas análises descritivas, detectou-se que 35,8% foram acometidos por lesão(ões) na temporada, as regiões mais atingidas foram joelho, tornozelo e coxa. No comparativo de médias, com significância mensurada pelo T Student, 19 situações apresentaram variação de respostas significativas entre os grupos (p<0,05), destacando que as situações de fracasso e de aspectos da competição foram percebidas como mais favoráveis pelos lesionados, enquanto as situações de demanda física e psicológica, perturbação, risco físico, crítica e repreensão foram percebidas como mais favoráveis pelos não lesionados. Sobre o enfrentamento, observou-se maior uso de estratégias motivacionais pelos lesionados e racionais pelos não lesionados. O presente estudo evidenciou a relação entre lesão e percepção de situações estressoras no futebol, e recomenda-se a inserção do psicólogo esportivo nos clubes, atuando na prevenção ao estresse e contribuindo para a redução de lesões físicas dos atletas. ABSTRACT Injuries physical, psychological stress and coping in football playersStress is a state of tension that disrupts the body's natural equilibrium, and for their rehabilitation one must use effective coping strategies. The study of stress, inside and outside the sport, presents evidence of the relationship between stress and physical injuries. The aim of the study was to investigate the perception of stressful situations and coping strategies used by athletes injured and uninjured in Sergipe’s Championship 2014. 81 professional football players, four semi-finalist teams of Sergipe’s Championship 2014, composed the sample and answered Inventory of Stress Factors in Football (ISF), the Escala de Modo de Enfrentamento de Problemas (EMEP) and a structured interview. In the descriptive analysis, it was found that 35.8% were affected by the lesion(s) on the season and the most affected areas were knee, ankle and thigh. In the comparison of averages, with significance measured by the test T Student, 19 cases had significant variation in responses between the groups (p <0.05), noting that the situations of failure and aspects of competition were perceived as more favorable for injured athletes while both physical and psychological demands, disturbance, physical risk, criticism and reprimand were perceived as more favorable by uninjured. On the face, there was increased use of motivational strategies for the injured and uninjured by rational. This study showed the relationship between injury and perception of stressful situations in football, and recommended the inclusion of sports psychologist in teams, acting in preventing stress and contributing to the reduction of physical injuries in athletes.

• English

  Stress is a state of tension that disrupts the body's natural equilibrium, and for their rehabilitation one must use effective coping strategies. The study of stress, inside and outside the sport, presents evidence of the relationship between stress and physical injuries. The aim of the study was to investigate the perception of stressful situations and coping strategies used by athletes injured and uninjured in Sergipe’s Championship 2014. 81 professional football players, four semi-finalist teams of Sergipe’s Championship 2014, composed the sample and answered Inventory of Stress Factors in Football (ISF), the Escala de Modo de Enfrentamento de Problemas (EMEP) and a structured interview. In the descriptive analysis, it was found that 35.8% were affected by the lesion(s) on the season and the most affected areas were knee, ankle and thigh. In the comparison of averages, with significance measured by the test T Student, 19 cases had significant variation in responses between the groups (p <0.05), noting that the situations of failure and aspects of competition were perceived as more favorable for injured athletes while both physical and psychological demands, disturbance, physical risk, criticism and reprimand were perceived as more favorable by uninjured. On the face, there was increased use of motivational strategies for the injured and uninjured by rational. This study showed the relationship between injury and perception of stressful situations in football, and recommended the inclusion of sports psychologist in teams, acting in preventing stress and contributing to the reduction of physical injuries in athletes.