Identificazione degli Enotri: Fonti e metodi interpretativi

• Autores: Salvatore Bianco, Addolorata Preite
• Localización: Mélanges de l'Ecole française de Rome. Antiquité, ISSN 0223-5102, Vol. 124, Nº. 2, 2012
• Idioma: italiano
• Enlaces
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• Resumen

  • Since the V century BC, the Greek ethnic historiography played a strong action to legitimate the colonial policies and to identify the different areas of the Iapygian-Peucetian and Chone-Oenotrian ethne. These two areas came in contact with the proto-colonial and colonial Hellenic presences, the last one leaders of the process of ethno-political claim on the ancient Italic territories. The historical sources for the identification of the ethnos Chone-Oenotrian allow the territorial and cultural recognition of Oenotria. The archaeological evidence (necropoleis) allow the identification of different areas by region, funerary ritual and material culture. At this stage of the study of the Chone-Oenotrian ethnos is possible utilizing deductive and comparative methods. The first one allows the analysis of the site and the formulation of one or more possible interpretations of the archaeological data. The second one it allows to compare various hypotheses, formulated both inside a community or a territorial site and outside in other culture. This leads to the identification of possible similarities or differences organized and evaluated in relation to their degree of reliability and diagnostic capability. These may confirm or redefine the grow of the characters, the distinction or similarity of a community over another. The making of the ethnos Chone-Oenotrian (end of X / IX-V century BC) was the result of changes started during the Bronze Age and influenced by both commercial and cultural contacts with the East (Mycenaean and Illyrian-Balkan) and with the Tyrrhenian area. The contact with the proto-colonial and colonial Greek presence and the Etruscan-Tyrrhenian areas, has afterwards contributed to the formation of a complex and differentiated Oenotrian culture. In Basilicata, the territory inhabited by the Chone-Oenotrian ethnos extended from the Basento to Sinni rivers. This land was divided into two geographic-cultural areas: the sub Ionian coast, inhabited by Chones, and the inland, between the Agri and Sinni rivers, by the Oenotrians. In the early Iron Age, the Chones area is connected to the Iapygian-Peucetian Adriatic area, while The Oenotrian one were linked to the Tyrrhenian so called « tombe a fossa » culture. The Chones area lost its identity since the end of the VIII century BC, because of the proto-colonial presence and the new socio-political and economic organization. The foundation of the Achaean cities of Sybaris and Metapontum and formation of the Oriental Greek emporion of Siris on the Ionian coast, with a preeminent role of coastal network trade, allowed the intensification of exchanges between the inland Oenotria, the Ionian area and the Tyrrhenian mainland. In the early sixth century BC the foundation of Posidonia, at the mouth of river Sele, was the main referent on behalf of Sybaris on the Tyrrhenian Sea and toward the Etruscan world. The inland Oenotria preserved their indigenous identity, compared to the Chones, but progressively were conditioned by a process of acculturation and the reception of cultural models of Hellenic customs. Since the first half of the V century BC, the adoption of Greek models and religious practices, archaeologically attested, with obvious repercussions on the socio-political scope, concluded the cultural integration process started several centuries earlier.