When the NHS was founded in 1948, nearly half the population died before the age of 65. Now only 14% do. By 2035, the over-65s will make up 23% of the population. For the vast majority of chronic diseases, age is the single biggest risk factor, says Tom Kirkwood at Newcastle University's Institute for Ageing. The main problem is that the health service is designed to treat single-organ diseases, but most elderly people have more than one medical condition.
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