Measures and votes: Party performance under free list proportional representation with evidence from Ecuador

Thomas Mustillo ^[1] ; John Polga-Hecimovich
1. [1] University of Notre Dame
  
  University of Notre Dame
  
  Township of Portage, Estados Unidos
Localización: Electoral Studies: An international Journal, ISSN 0261-3794, Nº 56, 2018, págs. 124-135
Idioma: inglés
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Resumen
- Free list proportional representation is an electoral system that gives voters as many votes as there are seats, and allows the voter to distribute them anywhere on the ballot. Computing party support under this system can be complicated, since different electors possess and use different numbers of votes. As a result, national election results and derivatives thereof (e.g. electoral volatility) may be calculated incorrectly. Using a stylized illustration, we describe obstacles to vote aggregation under the free list and develop four approaches for counting votes. The first two, “naive aggregationˮ and the “fictional voterˮ technique, have known applications. We propose the third, which we call “weighted votesˮ, to deal with missing data about the number of voters. The last, “weighted preferencesˮ, has been used intermittently, and we offer a generalization for a broad range of applications. Applying these methods to Ecuadorian elections, our results reveal biases in certain approaches and inform the question of which method to use and under which circumstances. Lastly, we make publicly available a definitive set of district- and national-level election results for Ecuador over six elections from 1998 to 2017, thereby making it possible for the case to re-enter comparative cross-national research.