In the 1920s, astronomer Edwin Hubble and others discovered that light from galaxies beyond the Milky Way is consistently shifted to longer, redder wavelengths. This was the first thinking that the universe began in a big bang, and has been expanding ever since. The reason for the shift in color is that as space-time expands, it stretches the light passing through it. The more expanding space the light has passed through, the greater the degree of this redshift, so far-off objects appear redder. Here, redshift measurements that reveal how the tussle between matter and dark energy has determined the universe's evolution are presented.
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