Resumen de Control de la temperatura para la prevención de plagas poscosecha en la conservación de granos

Gretel Martínez Curbelo, Michael Feitó Cespón, Daylí Covas Varela, Anibal Barrera Garcia

• español

  La infestación por plagas durante el período de poscosecha es la principalcausa de las pérdidas de calidad de granos como el maíz, principalmenteen zonas de clima tropical, debido a los altos valores de temperatura yhumedad. El almacenamiento en silos metálicos refrigerados (SMR) esuna de las principales tecnologías utilizadas para la conservación degrandes cantidades de granos durante largos períodos. Las variablesatmosféricas se modifican a través de la utilización de vehículos equipadoscon compresores de aire frío, los cuales son compartidos entre variossilos. La utilización inadecuada de estos carros de frío provoca que latemperatura o la humedad en los SMR no sean las especificadas para laconservación del maíz.Esta investigación tiene como objetivo el análisis y pronóstico del comportamientode la temperatura y la humedad en un SMR para evaluar ymejorar el proceso de enfriamiento. Se construyó un modelo de pronósticoscon líneas de tendencia para la temperatura en el SMR, el cual fue utilizadopara planear el uso adecuado de los carros de frío.Cuba is a grain importer country, that’s why the storage stage is quite important to ensure both human and livestock feed. The post-harvest insect plagues are the main cause of grain quality lost during storage period, which affect its commercialization and consumption. The appearance of plagues intensifies at high values of temperature and humidity characterized in the tropical climate. The refrigerated metallic storehouse (MRS) is used as storage technology for large quantities of grain in Cuba. The atmospheric variables in the silos are modified through the use of vehicles with cold air compressors, which are shared across multiple silos; their misuse has caused temperatures in the SMR other than specified for the conservation of maize. This research aims to prognostic the temperature behaviour in SMR in order to planning more effectively the cooling process of the maize storage. This research aims to predict the temperature behaviour in SMR in order to planning more effectively the cooling process of the maize storage To achieve the goal, a predictive model using trend lines was built, resulting in a planning of cooling vehicles utilization that ensures control of temperature in the SMR. 

• English

  The postharvest insect plagues are the main cause of grain quality lostduring storage period, fundamentally in tropical climate zones due to thehigh values of temperature and humidity. The storage in RefrigeratedMetallic Storehouses (RMS) is one of the principal technologies for theconservation of large grain quantities during long time period. The atmosphericvariables are modified by using vehicles equipped with cool aircompressors which are shared among several storehouses. The inadequateusage of these cold carts causes that temperature and/or humidity in theRMS run out of the specifications for the maize conservation.This research aims to analyse and forecast the temperature and humiditybehavior in a RMS in order to evaluate and to improve the cooling process.A forecasting model for the temperature in the RMS is built using trendlines, which is employed to plan the adequate usage of the cold carts.