The Devil's Hole pupfish--claimed to be the rarest fish known--lives in a single pool in the middle of Death Valley, the hottest place on Earth. The species is actually a newcomer, having colonized the hole from nearby springs--and then diverged from its ancestors--within the past few hundred years. It has also been exchanging genes with related species of pupfish in nearby springs, despite the hot, dry desert separating them. This may have happened during floods, or fish or their eggs may have been carried between springs by birds or humans, says Christopher Martin at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill, whose team analyzed DNA from pupfish species in the area.
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