Yong-Chun Yu at Fudan University in Shanghai, China, and his team wondered if fearful adult mice could be helped by a transplant of embryonic brain cells. They injected live brain cells from mouse embryos into the amygdalae of adult mice-- the parts of the brain involved in fear. Other mice had implants of dead embryonic brain cells for comparison. Two weeks after the transplants, the mice were conditioned to fear a sound, freezing whenever they heard it and then given extinction training. A week later, mice were played the same sound. The team found that the fear response was three times less likely to return in the mice given live embryonic neurons.
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