The temperature of a tiny round membrane, only 20 micrometers wide and 100 nanometers thick, has been lowered so that it is 10,000 times colder than the vacuum of space. The usual way to make something extraordinarily cold is laser cooling, in which highly organized light dampens its thermal vibrations by slowing the random motion of atoms. The more organized the light, the more effectively it can cool things. A new technique developed by a team at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Boulder, CO, uses "squeezed" light to get atoms colder than is possible with regular laser cooling.
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